Bz is the number that matters. Everything else can look promising and still produce nothing
if the field stays north — a strong wind with Bz at +5 is a quiet night, and a modest wind
with Bz at −10 will put a band overhead within the hour.
What Kp buys you
Kp 365°N
Kp 461°N
Kp 557°N
Kp 654°N
Kp 750°N
Kp 846°N
Approximate southern limit of the auroral oval at local midnight. From here that means Kp 4
shows a glow low on the northern horizon, Kp 5 puts structure in it, and anything at 6 or above
is worth waking someone up for.
Recent nights
Substorm at 23:40, brief but clean
Bz flipped south around eleven and held for about forty minutes. One good breakup —
rays reaching maybe thirty degrees, green with a faint purple edge at the top.
Gone by half past midnight and it did not come back.
Coronal hole stream, all glow and no structure
Wind speed up over 600 km/s for most of the night but the field stayed variable.
Steady band on the horizon for hours without ever lifting. The sort of night that
looks much better in a long exposure than it does standing there.
Nothing, and worth recording anyway
Kp forecast at 5, actual peak 3. Clear sky, cold, three hours outside for a flat
horizon. Logged because the misses are the more useful half of the record.
How this is watched
Readings pulled from the public solar wind feed every fifteen minutes and written down by hand
at the start and end of each watch. No camera — the notes describe what was visible to a
dark-adapted eye, which is a much lower bar than a twenty second exposure clears.
The horizon to the north is open across a field, which is most of why anything gets seen
at this latitude at all.